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Professor Wojciech W odarczyk at his 80
J. Zió ko, M. Gi ejowski, A. Koz owski
Archives of Civil Engineering , 2010, DOI: 10.2478/v.10169-010-0011-z
Abstract:
Finite Element Modelling of the Behaviour of a Certain Class of Composite Steel-Concrete Beam-to-Column Joints
M. A. Gi ejowski , W. Barcewicz , W. Salah
Archives of Civil Engineering , 2010, DOI: 10.2478/v.10169-010-0002-0
Abstract: Beam-to-column end-plate joints can be classified as rigid (fully restrained), semi-rigid (partially restrained) or pinned, depending on their type, configuration and the connector arrangement. Fully restrained joints are needed for rigid frames in which there is assumed that the frame joints have sufficient rigidity to maintain - under the service state - the angles between the intersecting members, ensuring the full moment transfer. In contrast in semi-continuous frames, partially restrained joints are characterized by relative rotations occurring between the intersecting members so that the bending moment can only be transferred partially. In recent years, the idea of using partially restrained, unstiffened joints in building structures has gained momentum since this idea appears to be more practical and economical. Semi-continuous frames can resist actions by the bending moment transfer in partially restrained joints, allowing in the same time for a certain degree of rotation that enhances the overall ductile performance of these structures. One of the effective ways that affects ductility of end-plate beam-to-column joints is to use thinner end-plates than those used nowadays in practical applications. In the current study, a certain class of steel-concrete composite joints is examined in which the thickness of end-plates is to be equivalent to approximately 40-60% of the bolt diameter used in all the composite joints investigated in the considered joint class. This paper is an extension of the authors' earlier investigation on numerical modelling of the behaviour of steel frame joints. The aim of current investigations is to develop as simple as possible and yet reliable three-dimensional (3D) FE model of the composite joint behaviour that is capable of capturing the important factors controlling the performance of steel-concrete end-plate joints in which the end-plate thickness is chosen to be lesser than that used nowadays in conventional joint detailing. A 3D FE model constructed for composite joints of the considered joint class is reported in this paper and numerical simulations using the ABAQUS computer code are validated against experimental investigations conducted at the Warsaw University of Technology. Comparison between the nonlinear FE analysis and full scale experimental results of the considered class of composite joints is presented which conclusively allows for the accuracy assessment of the modelling technique developed. Comparison between the FE results and test data shows a reasonable agreement between the numerical FE model developed and physical model of experimentally examined joint specimens. Finally, practical conclusions for engineering applications are drawn.
Caretakers’ Experiences with Sick Children in Luapula Province: Implications for Child Survival Interventions in Zambia
A Chompolola, M Macwan’gi
Medical Journal of Zambia , 2008,
Abstract: Objective: To gain a deep understanding of caretakers’ perspectives about factors contributing to high under-five mortality in Luapula province of Zambia. Methods: This report is a product of data that was collected using verbal autopsy for a study on Factors Associated with high Under Five Mortality in the Luapula province of Zambia. Verbal autopsies were used to collect information from three hundred and sixty (360) caretakers about illnesses that led to the death of their under-five children. The autopsies were analyzed using the Optimal Care-Seeking Framework (OCSF) to identify the factors associated with the high under-five mortality rate in Luapula province. Results: The study identified that the under-five mortality rate in Luapula province is perpetuated by behavioral and health system factors that compromise the management of illnesses. Four obstacles to effective management of illness were identified and these include (i) poor recognition of signs of illness; (ii) delay in reaching a healthcare facility, (iii) delay in receiving definitive treatment, and (iv) poor compliance with recommended treatment and/or referrals. Conclusion: Reduction of under-five mortality requires optimal management of illnesses through the removal of the four obstacles. This entails coming up with strategies not only to improve the healthcare seeking behaviour of people but also streamline the healthcare system to enhance access to definitive healthcare.
Heavy Metals Removal from Swine Wastewater Using Constructed Wetlands with Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow  [PDF]
Jorge A. Cortes-Esquivel, Germán Giácoman-Vallejos, Icela D. Barceló-Quintal, Roger Méndez-Novelo, María C. Ponce-Caballero
Journal of Environmental Protection (JEP) , 2012, DOI: 10.4236/jep.2012.328102
Abstract: The removal efficiency of Cu and Zn from swine wastewater was evaluated as effected by three variables: the hydraulic retention time (HRT) (24, 48, 72 and 96 hours), two different plant species (Typha domingensis Pers. and Eleocharis cellulosa) and two different sizes of filter media (5 and 15 mm) using a horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetland. From the results, a significant difference was observed in the removal efficiency of Cu and Zn with respect to different hydraulic retention times. The best results were obtained in the HRT of 96 hours for Zn where 96% removal of Zn with Typha domingensis Pers. specie with gravel of 15 mm (experimental unit 6) was achieved. For Cu, at 72 hours of HRT, the efficiency was nearly 100% in five of the six study units (1, 2, 3, 5 and 6). In contrast, in experimental unit 4 with gravel of 15 mm and without plants, only 86% Cu removal was achieved.
Trefftz method for solving two-dimensional temperature field of boiling fluid flowing along the minichannel
Ho？ejowska S.,Piasecka M.,Ho？ejowski L.
EPJ Web of Conferences , 2013, DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134501040
Abstract: The paper focuses on the numerical solution to two-dimensional temperature field of boiling liquid flowing along a vertical, asymmetrically heated minichannel with a rectangular cross-section. One of the walls of a minichannel is a DC supplied heating foil. The parallel walls are made of glass panes for thermal insulation and for observation of the fluid flow and the void fraction. A thin layer of thermosensitive liquid crystal paint on the outer side of the heating foil enabled to record two-dimensional temperature distribution of outer foil surface. The paper presents computations based on Trefftz method for finding two-dimensional temperature field of boiling liquid flowing along the minichannel. The presented research is limited only to a liquid phase of the two-phase mixture observed in the minichannel. The velocity of liquid flowing through the minichannel is represented by a piecewise linear approximating function. To solve energy equation for liquid phase, Trefftz functions specially generated for this purpose were employed. Temperature field in the fluid was approximated by a linear combination of Trefftz functions. Temperature at the interface between working fluid and foil amounts to the saturation temperature. Temperature distribution in the foil and the glass pane was also computed using proper Trefftz functions.
9-Ethyl-10-methylacridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate
Beata Zadykowicz,Micha？ Wera,Artur Sikorski,Jerzy B？a？ejowski
Acta Crystallographica Section E , 2009, DOI: 10.1107/s1600536808039676
Abstract: In the molecule of the title compound, C16H16N+·CF3SO3 , the central ring adopts a flattened-boat conformation, and the two aromatic rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 3.94 (2)°. In the crystal structure, weak intermolecular hydrogen bonds link the molecules. There are π–π contacts between the aromatic rings and the central ring and one of the aromatic rings [centroid–centroid distances = 3.874 (2), 3.945 (2) and 3.814 (2) ]. There is also an S—O...π contact between the central ring and one of the O atoms of the anion.
Flux- and volume-limited groups/clusters for the SDSS galaxies: catalogues and mass estimation
E. Tempel,A. Tamm,M. Gramann,T. Tuvikene,L. J. Liivam？gi,I. Suhhonenko,R. Kipper,M. Einasto,E. Saar
Physics , 2014, DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201423585
Abstract: We provide flux-limited and volume-limited galaxy group and cluster catalogues, based on the spectroscopic sample of the SDSS data release 10 galaxies. We used a modified friends-of-friends (FoF) method with a variable linking length in the transverse and radial directions to identify as many realistic groups as possible. The flux-limited catalogue incorporates galaxies down to m_r = 17.77 mag. It includes 588193 galaxies and 82458 groups. The volume-limited catalogues are complete for absolute magnitudes down to M_r = -18.0, -18.5, -19.0, -19.5, -20.0, -20.5, and -21.0; the completeness is achieved within different spatial volumes, respectively. Our analysis shows that flux-limited and volume-limited group samples are well compatible to each other, especially for the larger groups/clusters. Dynamical mass estimates, based on radial velocity dispersions and group extent in the sky, are added to the extracted groups. The catalogues can be accessed via http://cosmodb.to.ee and the Strasbourg Astronomical Data Center (CDS).
Galaxy morphology, luminosity and, environment in the SDSS DR7
E. Tempel,E. Saar,L. J. Liivam？gi,A. Tamm,J. Einasto,M. Einasto,V. Müller
Physics , 2010, DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201016196
Abstract: We study the influence of the environment on the evolution of galaxies by investigating the luminosity function (LF) of galaxies of different morphological types and colours at different environmental density levels. We construct the LFs separately for galaxies of different morphology (spiral and elliptical) and of different colours (red and blue) using data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), correcting the luminosities for the intrinsic absorption. We use the global luminosity density field to define different environments, and analyse the environmental dependence of galaxy morphology and colour. The smoothed bootstrap method is used to calculate confidence regions of the derived luminosity functions. We find a strong environmental dependency for the LF of elliptical galaxies. The LF of spiral galaxies is almost environment independent, suggesting that spiral galaxy formation mechanisms are similar in different environments. Absorption by the intrinsic dust influences the bright-end of the LF of spiral galaxies. After attenuation correction, the brightest spiral galaxies are still about 0.5 mag less luminous than the brightest elliptical galaxies, except in the least dense environment, where spiral galaxies dominate the LF at every luminosity. Despite the extent of the SDSS survey, the influence of single rich superclusters is present in the galactic LF of the densest environment.
Overexpression of human SOD1 improves survival of mice susceptible to endotoxic shock
Charchaflieh J, Labaze GI, Li P, Van Remmen H, Lee H, Stutz H, Richardson A, Emanuel A, Zhang M
Journal of Inflammation Research , 2012, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S32073
Abstract: expression of human SOD1 improves survival of mice susceptible to endotoxic shock Short Report (1216) Total Article Views Authors: Charchaflieh J, Labaze GI, Li P, Van Remmen H, Lee H, Stutz H, Richardson A, Emanuel A, Zhang M Published Date July 2012 Volume 2012:5 Pages 51 - 58 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JIR.S32073 Received: 22 March 2012 Accepted: 28 May 2012 Published: 24 July 2012 Jean Charchaflieh,1,2 Georges I Labaze,1 Pulsar Li,1 Holly Van Remmen,3 Haekyung Lee,1 Helen Stutz,1 Arlan Richardson,3 Asher Emanuel,1 Ming Zhang1,4 1Department of Anesthesiology, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; 2Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; 3Barshop Center for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; 4Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Background: Protective effects of the antioxidant enzyme Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) against endotoxic shock have not been demonstrated in animal models. We used a murine model to investigate whether overexpression of SOD1 protects against endotoxic shock, and whether the genetic background of SOD1 affects its effective protective effects and susceptibility to endotoxic shock. Methods: Transgenic (tg) mice overexpressing human SOD1 and control mice were divided into four groups based on their genetic background: (1) tg mice with mixed genetic background (tg-JAX); (2) wild-type (WT) littermates of tg-JAX strain (WT-JAX); (3) tg mice with C57BL/6J background (tg-TX); (4) WT littermates of tg-TX strain (WT-TX). Activity of SOD1 in the intestine, heart, and liver of tg and control mice was confirmed using a polyacrylamide activity gel. Endotoxic shock was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide. Survival rates over 120 hours (mean, 95% confidence interval) were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival curves. Results: Human SOD1 enzymatic activities were significantly higher in the intestine, heart, and liver of both tg strains (tg-JAX and tg-TX) compared with their WT littermates (WT-JAX and WT-TX, respectively). Interestingly, the endogenous SOD1 activities in tg-JAX mice were decreased compared with their WT littermates (WT-JAX), but such aberrant changes were not observed in tg-TX mice. There was no difference in the survival time between tg-JAX and WT-JAX groups after endotoxic shock (P > 0.05). However, the survival time in the tg-TX group was more than twofold longer than that in the WT-TX group (P < 0.05). In addition, WT-JAX mice survived significantly longer than WT-TX mice (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Aberrant decrease of endogenous SOD1 activities may have overshadowed the effect of overexpression of SOD1 in tg mice (tg-JAX). Mice with C57BL/6J background (tg-TX) are more susceptible to lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxic shock than those with mixed genetic back
From Stone Graves to Churchyards. Burial traditions in the Late Prehistoric and Early Medieval Island of Saaremaa
Marika M？gi
Folklore : Electronic Journal of Folklore , 2004,
Abstract: Even though pre-historic burials have been the favourite topic of research of Estonian archaeologists at least for the past century, the focus has been on their appearance, chronology, ethnic context and objects discovered in them. Burial tradition, as it reflects in the archaeological remnants, has hardly been studied. Research in the field over the past few years, as well as osteological analysis of bone material, which was first carried out in the 1990s, has introduced new findings in the funeral customs of our ancestors. The article examines funeral customs on the island of Saaremaa, and the ideology behind it. The main focus is on the final centuries of the prehistoric period and the beginning of the Middle Ages – more specifically, on changes brought along by Christianity, although the study also provides an overview of earlier customs. A separate chapter discusses the partial distribution of bones and objects in graves, objects determining the boundaries of graves, and traces of funeral rituals. This evidently reflects a set of traditions, and thus also conceptions about the otherworld, composed of multiple layers and differing considerably from the modern funeral tradition. Christianisation of the population of Saaremaa in the 13th century changed these conceptions beyond recognition over a very short period of time.
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